Bu makale Muhasebe Bilim D\u00fcnyas\u0131 dergisi’nin Mart 2013 say\u0131s\u0131nda 153-175 sayfa aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Dr. \u015eenol BABU\u015eCU*<\/p>\n
Dr. Adalet HAZAR**<\/p>\n
\u00d6zet<\/p>\n
\u00dclkemizde Varl\u0131k Y\u00f6netim \u015eirketleri ilk olarak 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda takipteki kredilerin sat\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131nda rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha sonras\u0131nda gerek Tasarruf Mevduat\u0131 Sigorta Fonu gerekse \u00e7e\u015fitli bankalar taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan sat\u0131\u015flarda al\u0131c\u0131 olarak fonksiyonunu s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada varl\u0131k y\u00f6netim \u015firketlerine yap\u0131lacak alacak sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda, alacak portf\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn net bug\u00fcnk\u00fc de\u011ferlerinin hesaplanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir y\u00f6ntem \u00f6nerilmektedir. Bankalar\u0131n organizasyonel yap\u0131lar\u0131, i\u015f s\u00fcre\u00e7leri ve finansal yap\u0131lar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak olas\u0131 gelir ve gider kalemlerinde farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n g\u00fcndeme gelmesi s\u00f6z konusu olabilecektir.<\/p>\n
Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada alacaklar\u0131n net bug\u00fcnk\u00fc de\u011ferinin hesaplamas\u0131nda bankalar taraf\u0131ndan dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilen temel gelir ve kay\u0131plar\u0131n belirli bir s\u0131ralama ile ili\u015fkilendirmesi yap\u0131larak olas\u0131 de\u011fer hesaplamas\u0131 yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Anahtar Kelimeler: varl\u0131k y\u00f6netim \u015firketi, alacak sat\u0131\u015f\u0131, de\u011ferleme.<\/p>\n
Jel S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131: G11, G12, G19<\/p>\n
VALUATION FOR SALE NON-PERFORMING LOANS ASSET MANAGEMENT COMPANIES
\n– HYPOTHETICAL APPROACH-<\/p>\n
Abstract:<\/p>\n
In our country,Asset Management Companies played a role inthe purchase of non-performing loans in 2004 firstly. Later, Asset Management Companies continued to function as a receiver sales made by various banks and Savings Deposit Insurance Fund.<\/p>\n
In this study, a method is proposed for the calculation of the net present value of the receivable portfolio sales of asset to Asset Management Companies.<\/p>\n
Banks’ organizational structures, business processes, and possible differences in income and expense items depending on financial structures may be concerned.<\/p>\n
In this study, the possible value calculationare described association with a certain sort of basic income and losses suggested to be taken into account by the banks calculations of the net present value of receivables.<\/p>\n
Key words: asset management company, asset sale, valuation.<\/p>\n
Jel Classification: G11, G12, G19<\/p>\n
* Ba\u015fkent \u00dcniversitesi \u00d6\u011fretim G\u00f6revlisi, babuscu@baskent.edu.tr<\/p>\n
** Bankac\u0131l\u0131k Uzman\u0131, adalethazar@gmail.com<\/p>\n
Giri\u015f<\/p>\n
\u00dclkemizde bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn finansal kesimin \u00f6nemli b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturmas\u0131 nedeniyle, fon transferindeki arac\u0131l\u0131k fonksiyonu daha da \u00f6nem kazanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bankalar\u0131n faaliyetlerine ili\u015fkin ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli risklerin i\u00e7inde ku\u015fkusuz kredi riski en b\u00fcy\u00fck a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011fa sahiptir.<\/p>\n
Kredilerin geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde ya\u015fanan sorunlar bankalar\u0131n finansal b\u00fcnyelerini \u00e7e\u015fitli a\u00e7\u0131lardan olumsuz etkilemektedir. Sorunlu kredilere ili\u015fkin bankalar taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerden birisi de bu kredilerin belirli bir fiyat \u00fczerinden bilan\u00e7o d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131, yani ba\u015fka bir finansal kuruma sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada \u00fclkemizde bankalar\u0131n kredi portf\u00f6ylerini belirli bir bedel ile sat\u0131n alan Varl\u0131k Y\u00f6netim \u015eirketlerine yap\u0131lan bu sat\u0131\u015f i\u015fleminde sat\u0131\u015fa esas olu\u015fturan \u00f6zellikle takipteki kredilerin fiyatlamas\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir yakla\u015f\u0131m sunulmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Literat\u00fcr<\/p>\n
Selimler (2006) taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada T\u00fcrk Bankac\u0131l\u0131k Sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde sorunlu kredilerin varl\u0131k y\u00f6netim \u015firketlerince tasfiyesi konusu incelenmi\u015f, Varl\u0131k Y\u00f6netim \u015eirketlerinin se\u00e7ilmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki uygulamas\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. \u0130ncelenen \u00fclkelerin, genel olarak VYS\u2019leri ile ama\u00e7lar\u0131na ula\u015fmada ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olduklar\u0131, varl\u0131klar\u0131n tasfiyesinde, sorunlu varl\u0131klar\u0131 bankalardan ald\u0131klar\u0131 bedeller ile satt\u0131klar\u0131 bedel aras\u0131nda bir de\u011fer yaratt\u0131klar\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki varl\u0131k y\u00f6netim \u015firketlerinin yap\u0131lanma konusunda ise baz\u0131 \u00f6neriler ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Hagiwara ve Pasadilla (2004) taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada Asya \u00fclkelerindeki Varl\u0131k Y\u00f6netim \u015eirketlerinin performanslar\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmada geri d\u00f6nmeyen kredilerin varl\u0131k y\u00f6netim \u015firketlerine devredilmesinin bankaya maliyetinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak bankalar\u0131n kredilendirmelerinde daha rahat hareket etmelerine yol a\u00e7makta oldu\u011fu \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmada bu duruma \u00f6rnek olarak Tayland g\u00f6sterilmekte, Tayland\u2019daki kamu nitelikli varl\u0131k y\u00f6netim \u015firketlerinin b\u00f6yle bir zaafiyet yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Fung, George, Hohl ve Ma (2004) taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada Asya\u2019da devletin sahip oldu\u011fu varl\u0131k y\u00f6netim \u015firketlerinin ortak \u00f6zellikleri ve farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 incelenmektedir. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede her bir \u00fclkede varl\u0131k y\u00f6netim \u015firketlerinin kurulu\u015fu, varl\u0131klar\u0131n bu \u015firketlere transfer edilmeleri, varl\u0131klara ili\u015fkin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler ve finansman konular\u0131 ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmada nihai sonu\u00e7 olarak varl\u0131k y\u00f6netim \u015firketlerinin finansal sistemin istikrar\u0131 ve bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu vurgulanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ingves, Seelig ve He (2004) taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada banka yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131nda varl\u0131k y\u00f6netim \u015firketlerinin rol\u00fc ve baz\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 deneyimlerden s\u00f6z edilmektedir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n sonunda ele al\u0131nan \u00f6rnekler itibariyle uygulamada \u00fclkelerde tek bir y\u00f6ntemin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00fclkeden \u00fclkeye de\u011fi\u015fen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc belirtilmektedir. Bununla birlikte b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkelerde varl\u0131k y\u00f6netim \u015firketlerinin banka yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusuna vurgu yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Mu (2002) taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada Endonezya, Kore, Tayland, \u00c7in ve Malezya \u00fclkeleri ele al\u0131narak, bu \u00fclkelerdeki varl\u0131k y\u00f6netim \u015firketi politikalar\u0131, kredilerin sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131 vb. konulardaki uygulamalar ele al\u0131narak kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Berk (2001) taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclke deneyimleri \u00f6zetlenerek bu \u00fclkelerde \u201cvarl\u0131k y\u00f6netimi ve tasfiyesi sistemleri\u201d kurulurken ve i\u015fletilirken g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulan ama\u00e7 ve ilkeler ile uygulanan y\u00f6ntemlere dikkat \u00e7ekilmekte, sistemlerin ba\u015far\u0131 \u015fans\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen fakt\u00f6rler ortaya konulmaktad\u0131r. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kaliteli banka aktiflerinin devral\u0131nmas\u0131ndan, y\u00f6netiminden, elden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sorumlu kurulu\u015flar \u00fczerinde durulmakta ve 14 adet \u00fclke \u00f6rne\u011fi \u00f6zetlenmektedir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Varl\u0131k Y\u00f6netim \u015eirketlerinin Hukuki Yap\u0131s\u0131<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikle ekonomik kriz d\u00f6nemlerinde tasfiye olacak alacak (TOA) stat\u00fcs\u00fcne sahip bilan\u00e7o kalemlerinin banka bilan\u00e7olar\u0131nda artmas\u0131 ile beraber, bankalar \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00f6nemlerde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilen nedenlerden dolay\u0131 bu t\u00fcr alacaklar\u0131n\u0131 varl\u0131k y\u00f6netim \u015firketlerine satmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zkaynak ve aktif verimlili\u011fini art\u0131rmak, aktif kalitesini y\u00fckseltmek,
\nKar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 gelir tablosuna aktarmak,
\nTahsilat giderlerinden tasarruf etmek, TOA y\u00f6netimine ayr\u0131lan zaman ve kayna\u011f\u0131 yeni ve karl\u0131 i\u015flerde kullanmak,
\nSat\u0131\u015f bedellerinden sa\u011flanan nakit ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 gelir getirici aktiflere yat\u0131rmak,
\nAvukatl\u0131k \u00fccretleri, kar\u015f\u0131 taraf avukatl\u0131k \u00fccretleri ve teminatlar\u0131n bak\u0131m, destek ve sigortas\u0131 gibi y\u00fcksek maliyetli giderlerden kurtulmak,
\nYasal takip s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n bankan\u0131n piyasa imaj\u0131na getirece\u011fi olas\u0131 a\u015f\u0131nmalardan korunmak.<\/p>\n
Varl\u0131k y\u00f6netim \u015firketleri; Tasarruf Mevduat\u0131 Sigorta Fonu (TMSF), bankalar ve di\u011fer mali kurumlar\u0131n alacaklar\u0131 ile di\u011fer varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131, tahsili, yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve sat\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olarak faaliyet g\u00f6stermek \u00fczere izin alarak kurulan \u015firketlerdir. Varl\u0131k y\u00f6netim \u015firketleri bankalar\u0131n (ya da fonlar\u0131n) tasfiye olacak alacaklar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ek de\u011ferinin alt\u0131nda sat\u0131n almakta ve sonra bu alacaklara ili\u015fkin tahsilatlar\u0131 yapmakta, bankalar ise kalitesiz aktiflerini nakde \u00e7evirmi\u015f olmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
2000 Kas\u0131m 2001 \u015eubat krizlerinin ard\u0131nda hem ekonomide hem de finansal sekt\u00f6re y\u00f6nelik ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen \u00e7ok say\u0131da yap\u0131lanma faaliyetleri kapsam\u0131nda 30 Ocak 2002 tarihli 4743 say\u0131l\u0131 Mal\u00ee Sekt\u00f6re Olan Bor\u00e7lar\u0131n Yeniden Yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 7. maddesinde yer verilen varl\u0131k y\u00f6netim \u015firketlerine ili\u015fkin ilk d\u00fczenleme bu alanda faaliyette bulunmak isteyecek \u015firketlerin yasal alt yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Nitekim s\u00f6zkonusu Kanun\u2019un a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yer alan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde konu ilk d\u00fczenlemesini bulmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n
\u201cBankalar, \u00f6zel finans kurumlar\u0131 ve di\u011fer mal\u00ee kurumlar\u0131n alacaklar\u0131 ile di\u011fer varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131larak sat\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla, kurulu\u015f ve faaliyet esaslar\u0131 Bankac\u0131l\u0131k D\u00fczenleme ve Denetleme Kurulu taraf\u0131ndan belirlenecek varl\u0131k y\u00f6netim \u015firketlerinin. . . . . . . . \u201c \u015feklinde devam eden d\u00fczenlemeye ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak BDDK taraf\u0131ndan konuya ili\u015fkin ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 d\u00fczenleme 01 Ekim 2002 tarihinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. BDDK taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan toplam 17 maddeyi kapsayan \u201cVarl\u0131k Y\u00f6netim \u015eirketlerinin Kurulu\u015f ve Faaliyet Esaslar\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Y\u00f6netmelik\u201d ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan detaylara b\u00fcnyesinde yer vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne ili\u015fkin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen temel yasal d\u00fczenleme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131n\u0131 takiben 19 Ekim 2005 tarihinde 5411 say\u0131l\u0131 Bankac\u0131l\u0131k Kanunu y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir. Bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne ili\u015fkin \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin hayata ge\u00e7irilmesine olanak sa\u011flayan yeni Bankac\u0131l\u0131k Kanunu\u2019nun 143. maddesi varl\u0131k y\u00f6netim \u015firketlerine ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemeleri kapsamaktad\u0131r. Yeni \u00e7\u0131kan yasada yer alan maddeye a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k getirilmesi amac\u0131yla BDDK taraf\u0131ndan 04 Kas\u0131m 2006 tarihinde Varl\u0131k Y\u00f6netim \u015eirketlerinin Kurulu\u015f ve Faaliyet Esaslar\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Y\u00f6netmelik haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f ve y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Varl\u0131k Y\u00f6netim \u015eirketlerinin Geli\u015fimi<\/p>\n
Bu alanda ilk kurulan \u015firket Deutsche Bank taraf\u0131ndan 2004’te kurulan Bebek Varl\u0131k Y\u00f6netim \u015eirketi\u2019dir. sonras\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli tarihlerde kurulan \u015firketler faaliyete ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bankac\u0131l\u0131k D\u00fczenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu listesinde yer alan \u00fclkemizdeki varl\u0131k y\u00f6netim \u015firketlerinin isimleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yer almakta olup, Kas\u0131m 2012 tarihi itibariyle 8 adettir.<\/p>\n
Anadolu Varl\u0131k Y\u00f6netim A.\u015e.
\nBebek Varl\u0131k Y\u00f6netim A.\u015e.
\nEfes Varl\u0131k Y\u00f6netim A.\u015e.
\nFinal Varl\u0131k Y\u00f6netim A.\u015e.
\nGiri\u015fim Varl\u0131k Y\u00f6netimi A.\u015e.
\nLBT Varl\u0131k Y\u00f6netim A.\u015e.
\nRCT Varl\u0131k Y\u00f6netim A.\u015e.
\nStandard Varl\u0131k Y\u00f6netim A.\u015e.<\/p>\n
Varl\u0131k y\u00f6netim \u015firketlerinin aktif toplam\u0131 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda 200 milyon TL, 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda 400 milyon TL, 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda 400 milyon TL, 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda 700 milyon TL, 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda 900 milyon TL ve Haziran 2012 tarihinde de bu rakam 900 milyon TL olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Finansal kurumlar\u0131n \u00f6zkaynak ve aktif karl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 toplu olarak y\u0131llar itibariyle a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki 2 tabloda yer almaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n
Finansal Kurumlar\u0131n \u00d6zkaynak Karl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 %<\/p>\n
2008<\/p>\n
2009<\/p>\n
2010<\/p>\n
2011<\/p>\n
06.2012<\/p>\n
Bankalar<\/p>\n
16,8<\/p>\n
20,2<\/p>\n
18,1<\/p>\n
14,3<\/p>\n
14,3<\/p>\n
Finansal Kiralama \u015eirketleri<\/p>\n
19,8<\/p>\n
16,5<\/p>\n
12<\/p>\n
12,4<\/p>\n
5,3<\/p>\n
Faktoring \u015eirketleri<\/p>\n
18,5<\/p>\n
13,1<\/p>\n
13,1<\/p>\n
14,9<\/p>\n
9,2<\/p>\n
T\u00fcketici Finansman \u015eirketleri<\/p>\n
2,5<\/p>\n
3,2<\/p>\n
9,1<\/p>\n
17,6<\/p>\n
11,4<\/p>\n
Varl\u0131k Y\u00f6netim \u015eirketleri<\/p>\n
-73,1<\/p>\n
19,1<\/p>\n
30,3<\/p>\n
26,5<\/p>\n
17,0<\/p>\n
Kaynak: BDDK Finansal Piyasalar Raporu, Haziran 2012<\/p>\n
Finansal Kurumlar\u0131n Aktif Karl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 %<\/p>\n
2008<\/p>\n
2009<\/p>\n
2010<\/p>\n
2011<\/p>\n
06.2012<\/p>\n
Bankalar<\/p>\n
2,0<\/p>\n
2,6<\/p>\n
2,5<\/p>\n
2<\/p>\n
1,7<\/p>\n
Finansal Kiralama \u015eirketleri<\/p>\n
3,4<\/p>\n
3,9<\/p>\n
2,9<\/p>\n
2,8<\/p>\n
1,2<\/p>\n
Faktoring \u015eirketleri<\/p>\n
5,6<\/p>\n
3,1<\/p>\n
2,7<\/p>\n
3,2<\/p>\n
1,9<\/p>\n
T\u00fcketici Finansman \u015eirketleri<\/p>\n
0,2<\/p>\n
0,3<\/p>\n
0,7<\/p>\n
1,2<\/p>\n
0,8<\/p>\n
Varl\u0131k Y\u00f6netim \u015eirketleri<\/p>\n
-14,8<\/p>\n
6,8<\/p>\n
8,2<\/p>\n
8,5<\/p>\n
5,5<\/p>\n
Kaynak: BDDK Finansal Piyasalar Raporu, Haziran 2012<\/p>\n
Varl\u0131k y\u00f6netim \u015firketlerinin toplula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f finansal tablolar\u0131na ili\u015fkin 2008 sonras\u0131na ili\u015fkin bilgiler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tabloda yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Varl\u0131k Y\u00f6netim \u015eirketleri Temel Bilan\u00e7o B\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckleri<\/p>\n
Milyon TL<\/p>\n
2008<\/p>\n
2009<\/p>\n
2010<\/p>\n
2011<\/p>\n
06.2012<\/p>\n
Bankalar ve Di\u011fer Mali Krl.<\/p>\n
40,9<\/p>\n
39,6<\/p>\n
103,5<\/p>\n
166,9<\/p>\n
170<\/p>\n
Devral\u0131nan Krediler<\/p>\n
17,9<\/p>\n
190<\/p>\n
344,3<\/p>\n
0,0<\/p>\n
0,0<\/p>\n
Devral\u0131nan Takipteki Krediler<\/p>\n
311<\/p>\n
199<\/p>\n
277,9<\/p>\n
774,9<\/p>\n
1063<\/p>\n
Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klar<\/p>\n
-7,8<\/p>\n
-96,2<\/p>\n
-108,9<\/p>\n
-130,2<\/p>\n
-336,3<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer Aktifler<\/p>\n
7,8<\/p>\n
23,6<\/p>\n
40,9<\/p>\n
57,4<\/p>\n
82,9<\/p>\n
Toplam Aktifler<\/p>\n
369,8<\/p>\n
356<\/p>\n
657,7<\/p>\n
869<\/p>\n
979,6<\/p>\n
Al\u0131nan Krediler<\/p>\n
287,1<\/p>\n
218<\/p>\n
466,7<\/p>\n
569,5<\/p>\n
623,3<\/p>\n
\u00d6zkaynaklar<\/p>\n
74,8<\/p>\n
126,7<\/p>\n
178,6<\/p>\n
280,2<\/p>\n
315,2<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer Pasifler<\/p>\n
7,9<\/p>\n
11,3<\/p>\n
12,4<\/p>\n
19,3<\/p>\n
41,1<\/p>\n
Naz\u0131m Hesaplar<\/p>\n
188,5<\/p>\n
119<\/p>\n
214<\/p>\n
97,6<\/p>\n
155,3<\/p>\n
Kaynak: BDDK Finansal Piyasalar Raporu, Haziran 2012<\/p>\n
Varl\u0131k Y\u00f6netim \u015eirketleri Se\u00e7ilmi\u015f Gelir Tablosu Kalemleri<\/p>\n
Milyon TL<\/p>\n
2008<\/p>\n
2009<\/p>\n
2010<\/p>\n
2011<\/p>\n
06.2012<\/p>\n
Faiz Geliri<\/p>\n
2,4<\/p>\n
130<\/p>\n
179,4<\/p>\n
275,8<\/p>\n
167,6<\/p>\n
Faiz Gideri<\/p>\n
-15,5<\/p>\n
-27,3<\/p>\n
-35,8<\/p>\n
-52,8<\/p>\n
-28<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer Faal. Geliri<\/p>\n
24,2<\/p>\n
61,4<\/p>\n
79,4<\/p>\n
107,8<\/p>\n
76,8<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer Faal. Gideri<\/p>\n
-36,5<\/p>\n
-38<\/p>\n
-139,3<\/p>\n
-170,6<\/p>\n
-112,9<\/p>\n
Net K\/Z<\/p>\n
-54,7<\/p>\n
24,1<\/p>\n
54,2<\/p>\n
74,3<\/p>\n
53,5<\/p>\n
Kaynak: BDDK Finansal Piyasalar Raporu, Haziran 2012<\/p>\n
Varl\u0131k Y\u00f6netim \u015eirketlerine Bankalar Taraf\u0131ndan Yap\u0131lan \u00c7e\u015fitli Sat\u0131\u015flar<\/p>\n
Varl\u0131k y\u00f6netim \u015firketlerinin bankalarla yapm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 i\u015flemler ve i\u015flemlere ili\u015fkin detaylar, e\u011fer i\u015flemin taraflar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan s\u00f6zle\u015fmede bir gizlilik maddesi bulunmuyorsa kamuya a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r. Baz\u0131 i\u015flemlere ili\u015fkin s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde bu t\u00fcr gizlilik maddelerinin bulunmas\u0131 nedeniyle bankalar\u0131n varl\u0131k y\u00f6netim \u015firketleri ile yapt\u0131klar\u0131 t\u00fcm i\u015flemler kamuoyu ile payla\u015f\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrk Finans Sisteminde faaliyet g\u00f6steren bankalar\u0131n ve TMSF\u2019nin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 TOA sat\u0131\u015f i\u015flemleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bilgiler, bas\u0131na yans\u0131yan bilgilerden ve T\u00fcrkiye Bankalar Birli\u011fi\u2019nin sitesinde yer alan bankalar\u0131n kamuya duyurmak zorunda olduklar\u0131 mali tablolar\u0131na ili\u015fkin a\u00e7\u0131klamalardan derlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Tasarruf Mevduat\u0131 Sigorta Fonu (TMSF), hisselerini ve \/ veya y\u00f6netimlerini ve denetimlerini b\u00fcnyesinde bulundurdu\u011fu bankalardan intikal eden kurumsal kredi alacaklar\u0131 (hakim ortaklar d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bor\u00e7lu firma ve gruplardan olan alacaklar\u0131) en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede ve en y\u00fcksek net bug\u00fcnk\u00fc de\u011ferle tahsil etme politikas\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak uygulamaya karar verdi\u011fi alacak sat\u0131\u015f projesinin en \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar\u0131ndan biri olan ilk \u201cAlacak Sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u0130halesi\u201dni 31 A\u011fustos 2004 tarihinde sonu\u00e7land\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. TMSF 222.8 milyon dolarl\u0131k (38 adet bor\u00e7lu firmaya ait) tahsili gecikmi\u015f alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Bebek Varl\u0131k Y\u00f6netimi \u015eirketi’ne 22.5 milyon dolara satm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r[1]<\/p>\n
A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tabloda \u00e7e\u015fitli tarihlerde TMSF ve bankalar taraf\u0131ndan varl\u0131k y\u00f6netim \u015firketlerine yap\u0131lan sat\u0131\u015flara ili\u015fkin bilgiler yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Varl\u0131k Y\u00f6netim \u015eirketlerine Bankalar Taraf\u0131ndan Yap\u0131lan \u00c7e\u015fitli Sat\u0131\u015flar*<\/p>\n
Banka<\/p>\n
Y\u0131l<\/p>\n
Alacak Portf\u00f6y\u00fc<\/p>\n
Sat\u0131\u015f Tutar\u0131<\/p>\n
TMSF<\/p>\n
2004<\/p>\n
222,8 milyon $<\/p>\n
22,5 milyon $<\/p>\n
TMSF<\/p>\n
2004<\/p>\n
934 milyon $<\/p>\n
161 milyon $ + %43 tahsilat payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/p>\n
Akbank<\/p>\n
2008<\/p>\n
94 milyon TL<\/p>\n
Akbank<\/p>\n
2008<\/p>\n
337,4 milyon TL<\/p>\n
86,5 milyon TL<\/p>\n
Akbank<\/p>\n
2008<\/p>\n
248 milyon TL<\/p>\n
42 milyon TL<\/p>\n
TEB<\/p>\n
2008<\/p>\n
75,6 milyon TL<\/p>\n
10,8 milyon TL<\/p>\n
\u015eekerbank<\/p>\n
2008<\/p>\n
243,7 milyon TL<\/p>\n
61 milyon TL<\/p>\n
YKB<\/p>\n
2008<\/p>\n
532 milyon TL<\/p>\n
60,5 milyon TL<\/p>\n
YKB<\/p>\n
2008<\/p>\n
77,4 milyon TL<\/p>\n
26,5 milyon TL<\/p>\n
Garanti<\/p>\n
2008<\/p>\n
98.221<\/p>\n
28.898<\/p>\n
TEB<\/p>\n
2009<\/p>\n
29,5 milyon TL<\/p>\n
1,9 milyon TL<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015f Bankas\u0131<\/p>\n
2009<\/p>\n
186,1 milyon TL<\/p>\n
8,5 milyon TL<\/p>\n
Akbank<\/p>\n
2010<\/p>\n
326 milyon TL<\/p>\n
Denizbank<\/p>\n
2010<\/p>\n
50,2 milyon TL<\/p>\n
4,9 milyon TL<\/p>\n
YKB<\/p>\n
2010<\/p>\n
381,9 milyon TL<\/p>\n
YKB<\/p>\n
2010<\/p>\n
74,6 milyon TL<\/p>\n
6,5 milyon TL<\/p>\n
YKB<\/p>\n
2010<\/p>\n
224,4 milyon TL<\/p>\n
31,2 milyon TL<\/p>\n
Fortis<\/p>\n
2010<\/p>\n
54,5 milyon TL<\/p>\n
2,1 milyon TL<\/p>\n
YKB<\/p>\n
2010<\/p>\n
298,7 milyon TL<\/p>\n
7,5 milyon TL<\/p>\n
Eurotekfenbank<\/p>\n
2010<\/p>\n
46 milyon TL<\/p>\n
Denizbank<\/p>\n
2010<\/p>\n
81,6 milyon TL<\/p>\n
7,4 milyon TL<\/p>\n
Citibank<\/p>\n
2010<\/p>\n
89,2 milyon TL<\/p>\n
Turkland<\/p>\n
2010<\/p>\n
17,8 milyon TL<\/p>\n
YKB<\/p>\n
427,8 milyon TL<\/p>\n
56,1 milyon TL<\/p>\n
* Bilgiler Kamuyu Ayd\u0131nlatma Platformuna ilgili bankalar\u0131n g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131klamalardan, ilgili bankalar\u0131n Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Denetim Raporunda yer alan verilerden taraf\u0131m\u0131zca derlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Tabloda yer alan alacak portf\u00f6y\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile sat\u0131\u015f tutarlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda iskonto oranlar\u0131nda \u00e7ok ciddi farkl\u0131l\u0131klar oldu\u011fu g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Takipteki Kredi Portf\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn Sat\u0131\u015f De\u011ferinin Belirlenmesine \u0130li\u015fkin Yakla\u015f\u0131m<\/p>\n
Bankalar\u0131n takibe d\u00fc\u015fen kredilerini kendi b\u00fcnyelerinde tahsil etme s\u00fcreci i\u00e7inde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli maliyetler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu maliyetlerin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckleri ve bankalar\u0131n performanslar\u0131 bankadan bankaya de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. Ancak, maliyete ili\u015fkin her bankan\u0131n ana bile\u015fenleri hemen hemen t\u00fcm bankalarda ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede bankalar\u0131n takipteki kredilerini kendi b\u00fcnyelerinde tahsil etme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00f6nemde ayn\u0131 zamanda bu kredilere ili\u015fkin katlan\u0131lan maliyetlerin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc de\u011ferleri hesapland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Varl\u0131k Y\u00f6netim \u015eirketi\u2019ne sat\u0131labilecek takipteki kredinin yakla\u015f\u0131k ba\u015faba\u015f noktas\u0131na ula\u015fmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilecektir.<\/p>\n
Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada temel ama\u00e7 bir bankan\u0131n verilerini esas alarak varl\u0131k y\u00f6netim \u015firketlerine yap\u0131lacak alacak sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferini hesaplamaktan \u00e7ok, hesaplamaya ili\u015fkin y\u00f6ntem ileri s\u00fcrmektir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc yap\u0131lan literat\u00fcr ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131nda bu konuda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f detayl\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya rastlan\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n amac\u0131 bu konuya ili\u015fkin y\u00f6ntem ileri s\u00fcrmek ve bunu tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7makt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130lk a\u015famada de\u011fer hesaplamas\u0131nda gerekli olan getiri ve maliyet kalemlerine gerek\u00e7eleri ile yer verilmektedir. Devam\u0131nda her getiri ve maliyet kalemi \u00e7e\u015fitli varsay\u0131mlarla rakamsalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak, takipteki kredinin net bug\u00fcnk\u00fc de\u011fer rakam\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r<\/p>\n
– Takipteki Kredi Tutar\u0131<\/p>\n
Bankan\u0131n takipteki kredi rakam\u0131 finansal verilerinden do\u011frudan elde edilebilmektedir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in ise aktif toplam\u0131 ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 olarak varsay\u0131lmakta, sonras\u0131nda bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn en b\u00fcy\u00fck 5 bankas\u0131n\u0131n kredi toplam\u0131 \/ aktif toplam\u0131 oranlar\u0131n\u0131n ortalamas\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak toplam kredi rakam\u0131 elde edilmektedir. 5 b\u00fcy\u00fck bankan\u0131n 2008-2011 d\u00f6nemine ili\u015fkin kredi \/aktif toplam\u0131 verileri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tabloda yer almaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n
En B\u00fcy\u00fck 5 Bankan\u0131n Kredilerinin Aktif Pay\u0131 % (2008-2011)<\/p>\n
2008<\/p>\n
2009<\/p>\n
2010<\/p>\n
2011<\/p>\n
Ortalama<\/p>\n
Ziraat Bankas\u0131<\/p>\n
0,295<\/p>\n
0,295<\/p>\n
0,567<\/p>\n
0,445<\/p>\n
0,400<\/p>\n
Akbank<\/p>\n
0,518<\/p>\n
0,417<\/p>\n
0,567<\/p>\n
0,526<\/p>\n
0,507<\/p>\n
Garanti<\/p>\n
0,561<\/p>\n
0,472<\/p>\n
0,567<\/p>\n
0,572<\/p>\n
0,543<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015f Bankas\u0131<\/p>\n
0,488<\/p>\n
0,427<\/p>\n
0,567<\/p>\n
0,567<\/p>\n
0,512<\/p>\n
YKB<\/p>\n
0,607<\/p>\n
0,586<\/p>\n
0,567<\/p>\n
0,627<\/p>\n
0,597<\/p>\n
5 Banka Ortalamas\u0131<\/p>\n
0,512<\/p>\n
Kaynak: TBB \u0130statistiki Veriler, www.tbb.org.tr (Sayfada yer alan verilerden taraf\u0131m\u0131zca derlenmi\u015ftir.)<\/p>\n
Kredi Tutar\u0131 = Aktif Toplam\u0131 x (Kredi Toplam\u0131\/Aktif Oran\u0131)<\/p>\n
= 785.500 x 0,512 = 402.176 TL<\/p>\n
Takipteki kredi rakam\u0131n\u0131 elde edebilmek i\u00e7in ise,<\/p>\n
Takipteki Kredi Tutar\u0131 = Toplam Kredi x (Takipteki Kredi \/ Toplam Kredi)<\/p>\n
ili\u015fkilendirmesi yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn en b\u00fcy\u00fck 5 bankas\u0131n\u0131n 2008-2011 y\u0131llar\u0131na ait takipteki kredi \/ toplam kredi verileri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tabloda yer almaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n
En B\u00fcy\u00fck 5 Bankan\u0131n Takipteki Kredi \/ Toplam Kredi Oran\u0131 % (2008-2011)<\/p>\n
2008<\/p>\n
2009<\/p>\n
2010<\/p>\n
2011<\/p>\n
Ortalama<\/p>\n
Ziraat Bankas\u0131<\/p>\n
0,020<\/p>\n
0,023<\/p>\n
0,015<\/p>\n
0,012<\/p>\n
0,018<\/p>\n
Akbank<\/p>\n
0,026<\/p>\n
0,045<\/p>\n
0,024<\/p>\n
0,018<\/p>\n
0,028<\/p>\n
Garanti<\/p>\n
0,025<\/p>\n
0,045<\/p>\n
0,030<\/p>\n
0,018<\/p>\n
0,030<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015f Bankas\u0131<\/p>\n
0,046<\/p>\n
0,057<\/p>\n
0,037<\/p>\n
0,022<\/p>\n
0,041<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131 ve Kredi<\/p>\n
0,044<\/p>\n
0,068<\/p>\n
0,035<\/p>\n
0,031<\/p>\n
0,045<\/p>\n
5 Banka Genel Ortalama<\/p>\n
0,032<\/p>\n
Kaynak: TBB \u0130statistiki Veriler, www.tbb.org.tr (Sayfada yer alan verilerden taraf\u0131m\u0131zca derlenmi\u015ftir.)<\/p>\n
Takipteki Kredi Tutar\u0131 = Toplam Kredi x (Takipteki Kredi \/ Toplam Kredi)<\/p>\n
= 402.176 TL x 0,032 = 12.870 TL<\/p>\n
– Ortalama Tahsilat Oran\u0131<\/p>\n
Takibe d\u00fc\u015fen kredilerin bankalar taraf\u0131ndan tahsil edilme s\u00fcreci i\u00e7inde her zaman alacaklar\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 tahsil etme olana\u011f\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bankalar genellikle takibe d\u00fc\u015fen alacaklar\u0131n\u0131n belirli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 tahsil etmekte, kalan tutar\u0131 zarar olarak yazmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu konuda her bankan\u0131n i\u015fleyi\u015f sistemi ile ilgili olarak farkl\u0131 oranlarda tahsilat ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir. Bununla birlikte bankalar\u0131n tahsilat oranlar\u0131n\u0131n %50 civar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir. Nitekim aktif b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn en b\u00fcy\u00fck 5 bankas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z denetim raporlar\u0131n\u0131n dipnotlar\u0131ndan al\u0131nan veriler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde son 4 y\u0131lda zarar niteli\u011findeki kredi grubunda yer alan kredileri ile y\u0131l i\u00e7i yap\u0131lan tahsilat rakamlar\u0131 ili\u015fkilendirilerek yap\u0131lan hesaplamada bu oran\u0131n % 64 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir (Ek:1).<\/p>\n
Bu konudaki varsay\u0131m oran\u0131 hesaplamada % 64 olarak dikkate al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Takipteki Krediden Yap\u0131lan Tahsilat Tutar\u0131 = Takipteki Kredi x Ortalama Tahsilat Oran\u0131<\/p>\n
= 12.870 TL x 0,64<\/p>\n
Takipteki Krediden Yap\u0131lan Tahsilat Tutar\u0131 = 8.237 TL<\/p>\n
– Ortalama Tahsilat S\u00fcresi<\/p>\n
Sorunlu varl\u0131klar\u0131n elden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lma h\u0131z\u0131 belirlenirken varl\u0131klar\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fcne, nitelik ve niceli\u011fine, bu varl\u0131klar i\u00e7in bir piyasa talebinin olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na, varl\u0131klar\u0131n ait oldu\u011fu bankan\u0131n faaliyetlerine devam edip etmedi\u011fine bak\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, varl\u0131klar\u0131n uzun y\u0131llar tutulmas\u0131 da maliyetleri art\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 unsur olmaktad\u0131r. Bu zaman i\u00e7inde varl\u0131klar\u0131n iyi y\u00f6netilememesinin sonucu olarak de\u011fer kay\u0131plar\u0131 g\u00fcndeme geldi\u011finden maliyetleri artabilmektedir (Berk, 2001:5).<\/p>\n
Bankalar\u0131n takipteki kredilerini tahsil \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 belirli bir s\u00fcre almakta olup, bu s\u00fcrenin sonunda ya tamamen tahsilat, ya k\u0131smi tahsilat ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmekte ya da hi\u00e7 tahsilat yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde zarar yaz\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 her bankada farkl\u0131 zaman almakla birlikte yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda \u00f6zel sermayeli bankalarda 2 y\u0131l\u0131n alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fu, kamu sermayeli bankalarda ise bu s\u00fcrenin 2 -3 y\u0131l aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi bilgisi konunun uzmanlar\u0131ndan edinilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bu konudaki varsay\u0131m oran\u0131 hesaplamada ortalama 2 y\u0131l olarak al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
– Ortalama Tahsilat Takip S\u00fcreci Giderleri<\/p>\n
Bankalar\u0131n takipteki kredilerini tahsil etme s\u00fcreci i\u00e7inde katland\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli giderler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu giderler aras\u0131nda: bu konuda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan personel giderleri, avukatl\u0131k giderleri, mahkeme vb. hukuki takip s\u00fcrecine ili\u015fkin giderler, al\u0131nan teminat varsa bu teminat\u0131n sigorta giderleri, al\u0131nan teminat varsa teminat\u0131n nakde d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme s\u00fcreci i\u00e7inde katlan\u0131lan masraflar vb. giderler yer almaktad\u0131r. Yap\u0131lacak hesaplamada bu giderlerin dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
Katlan\u0131lan bu t\u00fcr giderlerin ortalama tahsilat ile ili\u015fkilendirilmesi durumunda bir oran elde edilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Bu konudaki varsay\u0131m oran\u0131 hesaplamada takipteki kredilerden tahsil edilen tutar\u0131n %1\u2019i olarak varsay\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
– Fonlama Maliyeti<\/p>\n
Fonlama maliyeti bankadan bankaya de\u011fi\u015fmekte olup, bankalar\u0131n piyasa pay\u0131, organizasyon b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne g\u00f6re sahip oldu\u011fu m\u00fc\u015fteri portf\u00f6y\u00fc, bankalar\u0131n kaynak yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m vb. konular bu konuda az da olsa bankalar aras\u0131nda bir farkl\u0131la\u015fmaya yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn en b\u00fcy\u00fck 5 bankas\u0131n\u0131n 2008-2011 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki fonlama maliyeti a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tabloda yer almaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n
En B\u00fcy\u00fck 5 Bankan\u0131n Ortalama Y\u0131ll\u0131k Mevduat Faizi (2008-2011)<\/p>\n
2008<\/p>\n
2009<\/p>\n
2010<\/p>\n
2011<\/p>\n
Ortalama<\/p>\n
Ziraat Bankas\u0131<\/p>\n
18,14<\/p>\n
8,74<\/p>\n
6,95<\/p>\n
6,87<\/p>\n
10,18<\/p>\n
Akbank<\/p>\n
17,15<\/p>\n
8,18<\/p>\n
7,14<\/p>\n
8,84<\/p>\n
10,33<\/p>\n
Garanti Bankas\u0131<\/p>\n
17,55<\/p>\n
7,78<\/p>\n
7,28<\/p>\n
8,41<\/p>\n
10,26<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015f Bankas\u0131<\/p>\n
16,83<\/p>\n
7,67<\/p>\n
7,13<\/p>\n
8,45<\/p>\n
10,02<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131 ve Kredi Bankas\u0131<\/p>\n
20,30<\/p>\n
7,83<\/p>\n
8,71<\/p>\n
10,91<\/p>\n
11,94<\/p>\n
5 Banka Genel Ortalama<\/p>\n
10,55<\/p>\n
Kaynak: TBB \u0130statistiki Veriler, www.tbb.org.tr (Sayfada yer alan verilerden taraf\u0131m\u0131zca derlenmi\u015ftir.)<\/p>\n
Bu kapsamda mevcut piyasa ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve faiz oranlar\u0131n\u0131n trendi de dikkate al\u0131narak fonlama maliyeti %10 olarak varsay\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
– Takipteki Kredilerden Yap\u0131lan Tahsilat\u0131n Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc De\u011feri<\/p>\n
Takipteki kredilerden yap\u0131lan tahsilat\u0131 tutar\u0131 zamana yayg\u0131n olarak 8.237 TL\u2019dir. Bu tahsilat\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc de\u011ferinin hesaplanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
\u0130skonto fakt\u00f6r\u00fc olarak, ortalama mevduat faizi ile tahsilat takip s\u00fcresi giderleri \/ takipteki kredi oran\u0131 olarak varsay\u0131lan oran\u0131n toplam\u0131 (0,10 + 0,01=0,11) ortalama tahsilat s\u00fcresi olarak varsay\u0131lan 2 y\u0131l \u00fczerinden dikkate al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Tahsilat\u0131n Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc De\u011feri = Y\u0131llara Yayg\u0131n Tahsilat Tutar\u0131 \/ (1+r)n<\/p>\n
Tahsilat\u0131n Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc De\u011feri = 8.237 TL \/ (1+ 0,11)2<\/p>\n
Tahsilat\u0131n Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc De\u011feri = 6.685 TL<\/p>\n
– Mahrum Kal\u0131nan Gelir<\/p>\n
Bankan\u0131n takipteki alacak tutar\u0131 nedeniyle mahrum kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir gelir seviyesi bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc banka takipteki kredi nedeniyle Bankac\u0131l\u0131k Kanunu\u2019ndaki genel d\u00fczenleme ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak Bankac\u0131l\u0131k D\u00fczenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu\u2019nun konuya ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemesi kapsam\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k ay\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k nedeniyle yaz\u0131lan gider rakam\u0131 bankan\u0131n d\u00f6nem kar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmakta, dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile \u00f6zkaynak toplam\u0131 azalmaktad\u0131r. Bankalar\u0131n sermaye d\u00fczeylerine ili\u015fkin olarak tutturmak zorunda olduklar\u0131 minimum bir sermaye yeterlili\u011fi seviyesi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu seviye d\u00fczeyi Sermaye Yeterlili\u011fi Rasyosu olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sermaye Yeterlili\u011fi Rasyosu: \u00d6zkaynaklar \/ Risk A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 Varl\u0131klar<\/p>\n
olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede banka azalan bu \u00f6zkaynak tutar\u0131 nedeniyle daha az risk \u00fcstlenebilmekte, \u00fcstlenemedi\u011fi risk tutar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen seviye ile Net Faiz Marj\u0131n\u0131n ili\u015fkilendirilmesi ile elde edilecek tutar kadar net gelirden mahrum kalmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu konulardaki varsay\u0131mlar\u0131n elde edilmesi amac\u0131yla bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn en b\u00fcy\u00fck 5 bankas\u0131n\u0131n 2008-2011 d\u00f6nemine ili\u015fkin verilerinin ortalamas\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/p>\n
Bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde en b\u00fcy\u00fck 5 bankan\u0131n 2008-2011 d\u00f6neminde takipteki kredilerine ay\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k oranlar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tabloda yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
En B\u00fcy\u00fck 5 Bankan\u0131n Takipteki Kredilerine Ay\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Oran\u0131 % (2008-2011)<\/p>\n
2008<\/p>\n
2009<\/p>\n
2010<\/p>\n
2011<\/p>\n
Ortalama<\/p>\n
Ziraat<\/p>\n
81,1<\/p>\n
79,9<\/p>\n
67,0<\/p>\n
70,3<\/p>\n
74,6<\/p>\n
Akbank<\/p>\n
100,0<\/p>\n
100,0<\/p>\n
100,0<\/p>\n
92,6<\/p>\n
98,2<\/p>\n
Garanti<\/p>\n
63,7<\/p>\n
81,0<\/p>\n
81,9<\/p>\n
81,7<\/p>\n
77,1<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015f<\/p>\n
100,0<\/p>\n
100,0<\/p>\n
100,0<\/p>\n
100,0<\/p>\n
100,0<\/p>\n
YKB<\/p>\n
62,4<\/p>\n
84,4<\/p>\n
77,1<\/p>\n
64,7<\/p>\n
72,2<\/p>\n
5 Banka Ortalamas\u0131<\/p>\n
84,4<\/p>\n
Kaynak: TBB \u0130statistiki Veriler, www.tbb.org.tr (Sayfada yer alan verilerden taraf\u0131m\u0131zca derlenmi\u015ftir.)<\/p>\n
Takipteki kredilerin %84,4\u2019\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131m\u0131 hesaplamada dikkate al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde en b\u00fcy\u00fck 5 bankan\u0131n 2008-2011 d\u00f6nemindeki sermaye yeterlili\u011fi rasyolar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da tabloda yer almaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n
En B\u00fcy\u00fck 5 Bankan\u0131n Sermaye Yeterlilik Rasyosu % (2008-2011)<\/p>\n
2008<\/p>\n
2009<\/p>\n
2010<\/p>\n
2011<\/p>\n
Ortalama<\/p>\n
Ziraat Bankas\u0131<\/p>\n
20,1<\/p>\n
23,2<\/p>\n
19,2<\/p>\n
15,6<\/p>\n
19,53<\/p>\n
Akbank<\/p>\n
18,2<\/p>\n
22,5<\/p>\n
20,6<\/p>\n
17,0<\/p>\n
19,58<\/p>\n
Garanti Bankas\u0131<\/p>\n
16,1<\/p>\n
21,2<\/p>\n
19,6<\/p>\n
16,9<\/p>\n
18,45<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015f Bankas\u0131<\/p>\n
15,2<\/p>\n
18,3<\/p>\n
17,5<\/p>\n
14,1<\/p>\n
16,28<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131 ve Kredi Bankas\u0131<\/p>\n
15,7<\/p>\n
17,8<\/p>\n
16,1<\/p>\n
14,7<\/p>\n
16,08<\/p>\n
5 Banka Ortalamas\u0131<\/p>\n
17,98<\/p>\n
Kaynak: TBB \u0130statistiki Veriler, www.tbb.org.tr (Sayfada yer alan verilerden taraf\u0131m\u0131zca derlenmi\u015ftir.)<\/p>\n
Sermaye yeterlili\u011fi rasyosu hesaplamada %17,98 olarak varsay\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sermaye Yeterlili\u011fi Rasyosu: \u00d6zkaynaklar \/ Risk A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 Varl\u0131klar<\/p>\n
Sermaye yeterlili\u011fi rasyosu hesaplamas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan risk a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 varl\u0131klar i\u00e7inde kredi riski tutar\u0131n\u0131n pay\u0131 bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn en b\u00fcy\u00fck 5 bankas\u0131n\u0131n 2008-2011 d\u00f6nemi verileri kullan\u0131larak elde edilmi\u015f olup, ortalama oran %84,4\u2019t\u00fcr (Ek:2).<\/p>\n
Bu e\u015fitlikten hareket edildi\u011finde takipteki kredilere kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeni ile \u00fcstlenemeyen risk katsay\u0131s\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde hesaplanabilmektedir:<\/p>\n
\u00dcstlenemeyen risk katsay\u0131s\u0131= (Kredi Riskinin Risk A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 Aktifler i\u00e7indeki Pay\u0131 x Takipteki Kredilere Ayr\u0131lan Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Oran\u0131) \/ SYR<\/p>\n
\u00dcstlenemeyen risk katsay\u0131s\u0131= (0,844 x 0,844) \/0,1798 = 3,96<\/p>\n
Takipteki krediler b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda TL olarak \u00fcstlenemeyen risk b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc = 3,96 x 12.870 TL = 50.965 TL<\/p>\n
Bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn en b\u00fcy\u00fck 5 bankas\u0131n\u0131n 4 y\u0131ll\u0131k faiz marj\u0131 ve ortalamalar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tabloda yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
En B\u00fcy\u00fck 5 Bankan\u0131n Ortalama Faiz Marj\u0131 (2008-2011)<\/p>\n
2008<\/p>\n
Ziraat<\/p>\n
Akbank<\/p>\n
Garanti<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015f<\/p>\n
YKB<\/p>\n
Kredi<\/p>\n
22,87<\/p>\n
21,76<\/p>\n
24,53<\/p>\n
23,40<\/p>\n
24,22<\/p>\n
Mevduat<\/p>\n
18,14<\/p>\n
17,15<\/p>\n
17,55<\/p>\n
16,83<\/p>\n
20,30<\/p>\n
Faiz Marj\u0131<\/p>\n
4,73<\/p>\n
4,61<\/p>\n
6,98<\/p>\n
6,57<\/p>\n
3,92<\/p>\n
2009<\/p>\n
Ziraat<\/p>\n
Akbank<\/p>\n
Garanti<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015f<\/p>\n
YKB<\/p>\n
Kredi<\/p>\n
16,45<\/p>\n
14,62<\/p>\n
18,37<\/p>\n
16,45<\/p>\n
17,90<\/p>\n
Mevduat<\/p>\n
8,74<\/p>\n
8,18<\/p>\n
7,78<\/p>\n
7,67<\/p>\n
7,83<\/p>\n
Faiz Marj\u0131<\/p>\n
7,71<\/p>\n
6,44<\/p>\n
10,59<\/p>\n
8,78<\/p>\n
10,07<\/p>\n
2010<\/p>\n
Ziraat<\/p>\n
Akbank<\/p>\n
Garanti<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015f<\/p>\n
YKB<\/p>\n
Kredi<\/p>\n
14,90<\/p>\n
11,85<\/p>\n
14,94<\/p>\n
12,95<\/p>\n
12,87<\/p>\n
Mevduat<\/p>\n
6,95<\/p>\n
7,14<\/p>\n
7,28<\/p>\n
7,13<\/p>\n
8,71<\/p>\n
Faiz Marj\u0131<\/p>\n
7,95<\/p>\n
4,71<\/p>\n
7,66<\/p>\n
5,82<\/p>\n
4,16<\/p>\n
2011<\/p>\n
Ziraat<\/p>\n
Akbank<\/p>\n
Garanti<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015f<\/p>\n
YKB<\/p>\n
Kredi<\/p>\n
17,04<\/p>\n
13,04<\/p>\n
15,47<\/p>\n
13,97<\/p>\n
13,74<\/p>\n
Mevduat<\/p>\n
6,87<\/p>\n
8,84<\/p>\n
8,41<\/p>\n
8,45<\/p>\n
10,91<\/p>\n
Faiz Marj\u0131<\/p>\n
10,17<\/p>\n
4,20<\/p>\n
7,06<\/p>\n
5,52<\/p>\n
2,84<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ll\u0131k Ortalama<\/p>\n
7,64<\/p>\n
4,99<\/p>\n
8,07<\/p>\n
6,67<\/p>\n
5,25<\/p>\n
5 Banka Genel Ortalama<\/p>\n
6,52<\/p>\n
Kaynak: TBB \u0130statistiki Veriler, www.tbb.org.tr (Sayfada yer alan verilerden taraf\u0131m\u0131zca derlenmi\u015ftir.)<\/p>\n
Bu konudaki varsay\u0131m oran\u0131 hesaplamada % 6,52 olarak varsay\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bankan\u0131n \u00fcstlenemedi\u011fi 71.538 TL\u2019den u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 net gelir kayb\u0131=<\/p>\n
\u00dcstlenemedi\u011fi risk tutar\u0131 x Net Faiz Marj\u0131<\/p>\n
50.965 TL x 0,0652 = 3.323 TL<\/p>\n
Kredi portf\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn risk kategorisinin %100 oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
– Aktif Kalitesine Yans\u0131yan Risk Primi Etkisi<\/p>\n
Bankan\u0131n yabanc\u0131 kaynak temini a\u015famas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli konulardan birisi aktif kalitesidir. Aktif kalitesine ili\u015fkin de\u011ferlendirmeler aras\u0131nda Takipteki Krediler (Br\u00fct) \/ Toplam Krediler rasyosu ilk s\u0131ralarda gelmektedir. Bankan\u0131n takipteki kredi rakam\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck olmas\u0131 bankan\u0131n risk seviyesine ili\u015fkin alg\u0131y\u0131 art\u0131rmakta, bu da yabanc\u0131 kaynak temini a\u015famas\u0131nda faiz maliyeti olarak kaynak fiyatlamas\u0131na yans\u0131maktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile banka portf\u00f6y\u00fcnde bulunan ve bilan\u00e7oda yer alan takipteki krediler nedeniyle bankan\u0131n kaynak maliyetinde bir art\u0131\u015f g\u00fcndeme gelmesi s\u00f6z konusu olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu konudaki varsay\u0131m oran\u0131 0,0005 olarak varsay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
– Bankan\u0131n Kaynak Yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/p>\n
Bankan\u0131n kaynak yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 iki ana grup olarak; faiz maliyetli ve faiz maliyetsiz kaynaklar \u015feklinde ay\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Kayna\u011f\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 al\u0131nan tarafa yap\u0131lan bir \u00f6deme olmas\u0131 durumunda faiz maliyeti bulunmakta, herhangi bir faiz \u00f6demesinin yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 durumunda ise faiz maliyetsiz kaynak olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn en b\u00fcy\u00fck 5 bankas\u0131n\u0131n 2008-2011 d\u00f6nemine ili\u015fkin faiz maliyetli kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n pasif i\u00e7indeki pay\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tabloda yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
En B\u00fcy\u00fck 5 Bankan\u0131n Faiz Maliyetli Kaynaklar\u0131n Oran\u0131 % (2008-2011)<\/p>\n
2008<\/p>\n
2009<\/p>\n
2010<\/p>\n
2011<\/p>\n
Ortalama<\/p>\n
TC Ziraat Bankas\u0131 A.\u015e.<\/p>\n
86,5<\/p>\n
87,3<\/p>\n
86,6<\/p>\n
86,8<\/p>\n
86,8<\/p>\n
Akbank T.A.\u015e.<\/p>\n
83,6<\/p>\n
81,2<\/p>\n
80,6<\/p>\n
83<\/p>\n
82,1<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye Garanti Bankas\u0131 A.\u015e.<\/p>\n
84,4<\/p>\n
82,7<\/p>\n
82,4<\/p>\n
81,8<\/p>\n
82,8<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f Bankas\u0131 A.\u015e.<\/p>\n
83,6<\/p>\n
82,1<\/p>\n
82,1<\/p>\n
80,8<\/p>\n
82,2<\/p>\n
YKB<\/p>\n
79,2<\/p>\n
76,4<\/p>\n
78,0<\/p>\n
79,3<\/p>\n
78,2<\/p>\n
5 Banka Ortalamas\u0131<\/p>\n
82,4<\/p>\n
Kaynak: TBB \u0130statistiki Veriler, www.tbb.org.tr (Sayfada yer alan verilerden taraf\u0131m\u0131zca derlenmi\u015ftir.)<\/p>\n
Bankan\u0131n finansal yap\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan pasiflerin %82,4\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn faiz maliyetli oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durumda takipteki kredilerin risk primi olarak yans\u0131mas\u0131 sonucunda artan kaynak maliyeti tutar\u0131 =<\/p>\n
(Toplam Pasifler x Faiz Maliyetli Pasiflerin Oran\u0131) x Risk Primi<\/p>\n
(785.500 x 0,824) x 0,0005 = 324 TL<\/p>\n
– Takipteki Kredi Portf\u00f6y\u00fc De\u011fer Hesaplamas\u0131nda \u00d6rnek Uygulama Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n Toplula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n
Bankan\u0131n takipteki kredilerden elde etti\u011fi nakit ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 = 8.237 TL<\/p>\n
Bankan\u0131n takipteki kredilerden elde etti\u011fi nakit ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc de\u011feri 6.685 TL<\/p>\n
Takipteki Kredilere Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 Nedeni \u0130le \u00dcstlenemeyen Risk ve Kaybedilen Gelir= 3.323 TL<\/p>\n
Aktif Kalitesinin D\u00fc\u015fmesi Sonucu Kaynak Maliyetindeki Art\u0131\u015f Tutar\u0131 = 324 TL<\/p>\n
Takipteki kredilerden elde edilen nakit ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n Net Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc De\u011feri = 6.685 TL \u2013 3.323 TL \u2013 324 TL =<\/p>\n
Net Kazan\u00e7 = 3.038 TL<\/p>\n
Sat\u0131\u015f \u0130\u00e7in Ba\u015faba\u015f Noktas\u0131 = 3.038 TL \/ 12.870 TL = % 23,6<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7 ve Tart\u0131\u015fma<\/p>\n
Bankalar\u0131n takipteki kredilerinin tasfiye edilmesinde Varl\u0131k Y\u00f6netim \u015eirketleri farkl\u0131 bir se\u00e7enek sunmaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnyada \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerde farkl\u0131 \u015fekillerde uygulamas\u0131 bulunan varl\u0131k y\u00f6netim \u015firketleri \u00fclkemizde de 2001 krizinden sonra hem TMSF b\u00fcnyesindeki alacaklar\u0131n tasfiyesinde, hem de bankalar\u0131n takipteki kredilerinin devral\u0131nmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli rol \u00fcstlenmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bankalar\u0131n kredilerinin takibe d\u00fc\u015fmemesi \u015feklinde bir se\u00e7enek d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclememektedir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bankac\u0131l\u0131k faaliyetleri b\u00fcnyesinde risk ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Risksiz bir bankac\u0131l\u0131k i\u015fleminin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z etmek pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. \u00d6nemli olan y\u00f6netilebilecek kadar bir riski almak ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi durumunda da en etkin \u015fekilde bu riski tasfiye etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakt\u0131r. Bu tasfiye s\u00fcrecinde varl\u0131k y\u00f6netim \u015firketleri de bankalar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ilave se\u00e7enek olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Takipteki kredilerin Varl\u0131k Y\u00f6netim \u015eirketlerinde sat\u0131\u015f s\u00fcrecinde de\u011ferinin ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i hesaplanmas\u0131 ve sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi, bankalar\u0131n finansal yap\u0131lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Banka varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i olarak de\u011ferlendirmesinin zorlu\u011fu ifade edilmekle birlikte, sorunlu kredileri de\u011ferlemede kusursuz-tam bir metod olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmektedir. Baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde defter de\u011ferinin %100\u2019\u00fc \u00fczerinden, baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde %33-46 aras\u0131 bir de\u011fer \u00fczerinden, baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde ise kazan\u00e7 veya zarar payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 metodlar\u0131n\u0131n uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmektedir. Firman\u0131n faaliyette olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bor\u00e7lular\u0131n durumu, teminatlar\u0131n niteli\u011fi, firman\u0131n \u00f6ncelikli bor\u00e7lar\u0131 gibi unsurlar firmadan olan alaca\u011f\u0131n tahsil edilebilme kabiliyetini etkiledi\u011fi, tahsil edilebilme kabiliyetinin y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131n\u0131n ise, sorunlu kredilerin bankalardan devir al\u0131nmas\u0131 fiyat\u0131n\u0131 olumlu etkiledi\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r (Selimler, 2006:306).<\/p>\n
Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, takipteki kredilerin de\u011ferleme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda bankan\u0131n fiili verileri ve uygulamalar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak:<\/p>\n
– Ortalama Tahsilat Oran\u0131<\/p>\n
– Ortalama Tahsilat S\u00fcresi<\/p>\n
– Ortalama Tahsilat Takip S\u00fcreci Giderleri<\/p>\n
– Fonlama Maliyeti<\/p>\n
– Takipteki Kredilere Ayr\u0131lan Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Oranlar\u0131<\/p>\n
– Mahrum Kal\u0131nan Gelir<\/p>\n
– Aktif Kalitesine Yans\u0131yan Risk Primi Etkisi<\/p>\n
– Bankan\u0131n Kaynak Yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/p>\n
konular\u0131ndaki verilerin belirli bir s\u0131ralama ve ili\u015fkilendirme ile hesaplamaya dahil edilmesi, sat\u0131lacak takipteki kredi de\u011ferinin ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i hesaplanmas\u0131na katk\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n amac\u0131 bu konuda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f detayl\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya rastlan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u00f6ntem \u00f6nermek ve \u00f6nerilen varsay\u0131mlar\u0131 ve y\u00f6ntemi tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7makt\u0131r. Ku\u015fkusuz her bankan\u0131n i\u015f s\u00fcre\u00e7leri, organizasyon yap\u0131s\u0131 ve finansal yap\u0131s\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011ferleme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lacak varsay\u0131mlar\u0131n rakamsal boyutu de\u011fi\u015fiklik arz edecektir.<\/p>\n
Kaynak\u00e7a<\/p>\n
5411 Say\u0131l\u0131 Bankac\u0131l\u0131k Kanunu<\/p>\n
Akbank 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 Y\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Denetim Raporlar\u0131<\/p>\n
BDDK Finansal Piyasalar Raporu, Aral\u0131k 2008<\/p>\n
BDDK Finansal Piyasalar Raporu, Aral\u0131k 2009<\/p>\n
BDDK Finansal Piyasalar Raporu, Aral\u0131k 2010<\/p>\n
BDDK Finansal Piyasalar Raporu, Aral\u0131k 2011<\/p>\n
BDDK Finansal Piyasalar Raporu, Haziran 2012<\/p>\n
BDDK, Bankalarca Kredilerin ve Di\u011fer Alacaklar\u0131n Niteliklerinin Belirlenmesi ve Bunlar \u0130\u00e7in Ayr\u0131lacak Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klara \u0130li\u015fkin Usul ve Esaslar Hakk\u0131nda Y\u00f6netmelik, 01 Kas\u0131m 2006<\/p>\n
BDDK, Varl\u0131k Y\u00f6netim \u015eirketlerinin Kurulu\u015f ve Faaliyet Esaslar\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Y\u00f6netmelik, 01 Ekim 2002.<\/p>\n
BDDK, Varl\u0131k Y\u00f6netim \u015eirketlerinin Kurulu\u015f ve Faaliyet Esaslar\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Y\u00f6netmelik, 01 Kas\u0131m 2006.<\/p>\n
Fung, Ben.- George, Jason- Hohl, Stefan.- Ma, Guonan (2004), Public Asset Management Companies in East Asia: A Comparative Study. BIS Document.<\/p>\n
Garanti Bankas\u0131 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 Y\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Denetim Raporlar\u0131<\/p>\n
Ingves, Stefan.- Seelig, Steven A.- He, Dong (2004), Issues in the Establishment of Asset Management Companies, IMF Policy Discussion Paper.<\/p>\n
\u0130statistiki Veriler, tbb.org.tr, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015f Bankas\u0131 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 Y\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Denetim Raporlar\u0131<\/p>\n
Les, Clarke (2002), The Extraction of Value from Non Performing Loans: A Working Practitioner\u2019s Perspective, BDDK Seminar, Ankara, 23.07.2002.<\/p>\n
Mesuto\u011flu, Berk (2001), Sorunlu Varl\u0131klar\u0131n Varl\u0131k Y\u00f6netim \u015eirketlerince Tasfiyesi \u2013 \u00dclke \u00d6rnekleri, BDDK MSPD \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Raporlar\u0131, No:2001\/3, May\u0131s 2001.<\/p>\n
Mu, Yibin (2002), Cross-Country Comparisons of Asset Management Companies on Loan Sales and Workouts , World Bank Working Papers Series.<\/p>\n
Selimler, H\u00fcseyin (2006), T\u00fcrk Bankac\u0131l\u0131k Sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde Sorunlu Kredilerin Varl\u0131k Y\u00f6netim \u015eirketlerince Tasfiyesi, Se\u00e7ilmi\u015f \u00dclkeler ve T\u00fcrkiye Uygulamas\u0131, Doktora Tezi, \u0130stanbul.<\/p>\n
Terada-Hagiwara, Akiko.- Pasadilla, Gloria O.(2004), Experience of Crisis-Hit Asian Countries: Do Asset Management Companies Increase Moral Hazard?, Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Discussion Paper Series No. 2004-17.<\/p>\n
Bas\u0131n A\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131, www.tmsg.org.tr, 22.09.2012.<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131 ve Kredi Bankas\u0131 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 Y\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Denetim Raporlar\u0131<\/p>\n
Ziraat Bankas\u0131 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 Y\u0131l\u0131 Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Denetim Raporlar\u0131<\/p>\n
Ek: 1 Takipteki Kredi Gruplar\u0131n\u0131n Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ve Y\u0131ll\u0131k Yap\u0131lan Tahsilatlar<\/p>\n
Garanti Bankas\u0131<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015f Bankas\u0131<\/p>\n
2008 (000 TL)<\/p>\n
2008 (000 TL)<\/p>\n
Kredi Grubu*<\/p>\n
Tahsilat<\/p>\n
Takip<\/p>\n
Oran<\/p>\n
A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 Oran<\/p>\n
Kredi Grubu*<\/p>\n
Tahsilat<\/p>\n
Takip<\/p>\n
Oran<\/p>\n
A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 Oran<\/p>\n
3<\/p>\n
170.595<\/p>\n
238.188<\/p>\n
0,72<\/p>\n
0,14<\/p>\n
3<\/p>\n
271.775<\/p>\n
585.912<\/p>\n
0,46<\/p>\n
0,12<\/p>\n
4<\/p>\n
143.858<\/p>\n
294.614<\/p>\n
0,49<\/p>\n
0,12<\/p>\n
4<\/p>\n
152.617<\/p>\n
335.054<\/p>\n
0,46<\/p>\n
0,07<\/p>\n
5<\/p>\n
121.997<\/p>\n
706.937<\/p>\n
0,17<\/p>\n
0,10<\/p>\n
5<\/p>\n
201.076<\/p>\n
1.274.527<\/p>\n
0,16<\/p>\n
0,09<\/p>\n
1.239.739<\/p>\n
0,46<\/p>\n
0,36<\/p>\n
2.195.493<\/p>\n
0,36<\/p>\n
0,28<\/p>\n
2009 (000 TL)<\/p>\n
2009 (000 TL)<\/p>\n
Kredi Grubu*<\/p>\n
Tahsilat<\/p>\n
Takip<\/p>\n
Oran<\/p>\n
A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 Oran<\/p>\n
Kredi Grubu*<\/p>\n
Tahsilat<\/p>\n
Takip<\/p>\n
Oran<\/p>\n
A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 Oran<\/p>\n
3<\/p>\n
279.883<\/p>\n
317.665<\/p>\n
0,88<\/p>\n
0,13<\/p>\n
3<\/p>\n
455.217<\/p>\n
1.370.825<\/p>\n
0,33<\/p>\n
0,16<\/p>\n
4<\/p>\n
260.139<\/p>\n
724.054<\/p>\n
0,36<\/p>\n
0,12<\/p>\n
4<\/p>\n
213.620<\/p>\n
474.859<\/p>\n
0,45<\/p>\n
0,08<\/p>\n
5<\/p>\n
218.646<\/p>\n
1.195.386<\/p>\n
0,18<\/p>\n
0,10<\/p>\n
5<\/p>\n
314.188<\/p>\n
922.512<\/p>\n
0,34<\/p>\n
0,11<\/p>\n
2.237.105<\/p>\n
0,47<\/p>\n
0,35<\/p>\n
2.768.196<\/p>\n
0,37<\/p>\n
0,35<\/p>\n
2010 (000 TL)<\/p>\n
2010 (000 TL)<\/p>\n
Kredi Grubu*<\/p>\n
Tahsilat<\/p>\n
Takip<\/p>\n
Oran<\/p>\n
A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 Oran<\/p>\n
Kredi Grubu*<\/p>\n
Tahsilat<\/p>\n
Takip<\/p>\n
Oran<\/p>\n
A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 Oran<\/p>\n
3<\/p>\n
113.493<\/p>\n
69.719<\/p>\n
1,63<\/p>\n
0,06<\/p>\n
3<\/p>\n
202.425<\/p>\n
121.909<\/p>\n
1,66<\/p>\n
0,08<\/p>\n
4<\/p>\n
255.590<\/p>\n
138.127<\/p>\n
1,85<\/p>\n
0,13<\/p>\n
4<\/p>\n
239.504<\/p>\n
303.735<\/p>\n
0,79<\/p>\n
0,10<\/p>\n
5<\/p>\n
495.942<\/p>\n
1.731.263<\/p>\n
0,29<\/p>\n
0,26<\/p>\n
5<\/p>\n
629.439<\/p>\n
1.981.844<\/p>\n
0,32<\/p>\n
0,26<\/p>\n
1.939.109<\/p>\n
1,26<\/p>\n
0,45<\/p>\n
2.407.488<\/p>\n
0,92<\/p>\n
0,44<\/p>\n
2011 (000 TL)<\/p>\n
2011 (000 TL)<\/p>\n
Kredi Grubu*<\/p>\n
Tahsilat<\/p>\n
Takip<\/p>\n
Oran<\/p>\n
A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 Oran<\/p>\n
Kredi Grubu*<\/p>\n
Tahsilat<\/p>\n
Takip<\/p>\n
Oran<\/p>\n
A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 Oran<\/p>\n
3<\/p>\n
45.886<\/p>\n
78.176<\/p>\n
0,59<\/p>\n
0,02<\/p>\n
3<\/p>\n
363.174<\/p>\n
172.457<\/p>\n
2,11<\/p>\n
0,18<\/p>\n
4<\/p>\n
58.514<\/p>\n
191.288<\/p>\n
0,31<\/p>\n
0,03<\/p>\n
4<\/p>\n
133.547<\/p>\n
198.775<\/p>\n
0,67<\/p>\n
0,07<\/p>\n
5<\/p>\n
362.328<\/p>\n
1.626.623<\/p>\n
0,22<\/p>\n
0,19<\/p>\n
5<\/p>\n
621.335<\/p>\n
1.612.688<\/p>\n
0,39<\/p>\n
0,32<\/p>\n
1.896.087<\/p>\n
0,37<\/p>\n
0,24<\/p>\n
1.983.920<\/p>\n
1,06<\/p>\n
0,57<\/p>\n
A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 Genel Ortalama<\/p>\n
0,35<\/p>\n
A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 Genel Ortalama<\/p>\n
0,41<\/p>\n
Akbank<\/p>\n
Ziraat Bankas\u0131<\/p>\n
2008 (000 TL)<\/p>\n
Kredi Grubu*<\/p>\n
Tahsilat<\/p>\n
Takip<\/p>\n
Oran<\/p>\n
A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 Oran<\/p>\n
Kredi Grubu*<\/p>\n
Tahsilat<\/p>\n
Takip<\/p>\n
Oran<\/p>\n
A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 Oran<\/p>\n
3<\/p>\n
204.147<\/p>\n
567.924<\/p>\n
0,36<\/p>\n
0,18<\/p>\n
3<\/p>\n
201.036<\/p>\n
89.744<\/p>\n
2,24<\/p>\n
0,33<\/p>\n
4<\/p>\n
142.946<\/p>\n
426.013<\/p>\n
0,34<\/p>\n
0,13<\/p>\n
4<\/p>\n
77.174<\/p>\n
175.801<\/p>\n
0,44<\/p>\n
0,13<\/p>\n
5<\/p>\n
91.974<\/p>\n
144.772<\/p>\n
0,64<\/p>\n
0,08<\/p>\n
5<\/p>\n
63.320<\/p>\n
338.735<\/p>\n
0,19<\/p>\n
0,11<\/p>\n
1.138.709<\/p>\n
0,45<\/p>\n
0,39<\/p>\n
604.280<\/p>\n
0,96<\/p>\n
0,57<\/p>\n
2009 (000 TL)<\/p>\n
2009 (000 TL)<\/p>\n
Kredi Grubu*<\/p>\n
Tahsilat<\/p>\n
Takip<\/p>\n
Oran<\/p>\n
A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 Oran<\/p>\n
Kredi Grubu*<\/p>\n
Tahsilat<\/p>\n
Takip<\/p>\n
Oran<\/p>\n
A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 Oran<\/p>\n
3<\/p>\n
257.988<\/p>\n
181.886<\/p>\n
1,42<\/p>\n
0,14<\/p>\n
3<\/p>\n
163.077<\/p>\n
82.742<\/p>\n
1,97<\/p>\n
0,19<\/p>\n
4<\/p>\n
284.799<\/p>\n
452.410<\/p>\n
0,63<\/p>\n
0,16<\/p>\n
4<\/p>\n
135.494<\/p>\n
235.689<\/p>\n
0,57<\/p>\n
0,16<\/p>\n
5<\/p>\n
148.808<\/p>\n
1.150.224<\/p>\n
0,13<\/p>\n
0,08<\/p>\n
5<\/p>\n
146.639<\/p>\n
536.478<\/p>\n
0,27<\/p>\n
0,17<\/p>\n
1.784.520<\/p>\n
0,73<\/p>\n
0,38<\/p>\n
854.909<\/p>\n
0,94<\/p>\n
0,52<\/p>\n
2010 (000 TL)<\/p>\n
2010 (000 TL)<\/p>\n
Kredi Grubu*<\/p>\n
Tahsilat<\/p>\n
Takip<\/p>\n
Oran<\/p>\n
A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 Oran<\/p>\n
Kredi Grubu*<\/p>\n
Tahsilat<\/p>\n
Takip<\/p>\n
Oran<\/p>\n
A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 Oran<\/p>\n
3<\/p>\n
86.288<\/p>\n
80.196<\/p>\n
1,08<\/p>\n
0,07<\/p>\n
3<\/p>\n
165.279<\/p>\n
76.792<\/p>\n
2,15<\/p>\n
0,19<\/p>\n
4<\/p>\n
161.910<\/p>\n
146.470<\/p>\n
1,11<\/p>\n
0,13<\/p>\n
4<\/p>\n
145.372<\/p>\n
166.397<\/p>\n
0,87<\/p>\n
0,17<\/p>\n
5<\/p>\n
332.670<\/p>\n
1.052.867<\/p>\n
0,32<\/p>\n
0,26<\/p>\n
5<\/p>\n
324.826<\/p>\n
611.811<\/p>\n
0,53<\/p>\n
0,38<\/p>\n
1.279.533<\/p>\n
0,84<\/p>\n
0,46<\/p>\n
855.000<\/p>\n
1,18<\/p>\n
0,74<\/p>\n
2011 (000 TL)<\/p>\n
2011 (000 TL)<\/p>\n
Kredi Grubu*<\/p>\n
Tahsilat<\/p>\n
Takip<\/p>\n
Oran<\/p>\n
A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 Oran<\/p>\n
Kredi Grubu*<\/p>\n
Tahsilat<\/p>\n
Takip<\/p>\n
Oran<\/p>\n
A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 Oran<\/p>\n
3<\/p>\n
48.061<\/p>\n
223.876<\/p>\n
0,21<\/p>\n
0,04<\/p>\n
3<\/p>\n
155.127<\/p>\n
63.697<\/p>\n
2,44<\/p>\n
0,18<\/p>\n
4<\/p>\n
65.802<\/p>\n
107.978<\/p>\n
0,61<\/p>\n
0,05<\/p>\n
4<\/p>\n
102.004<\/p>\n
166.178<\/p>\n
0,61<\/p>\n
0,12<\/p>\n
5<\/p>\n
245.731<\/p>\n
930.685<\/p>\n
0,26<\/p>\n
0,19<\/p>\n
5<\/p>\n
565.896<\/p>\n
633.166<\/p>\n
0,89<\/p>\n
0,65<\/p>\n
1.262.539<\/p>\n
0,36<\/p>\n
0,28<\/p>\n
863.041<\/p>\n
1,31<\/p>\n
0,95<\/p>\n
A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 Genel Ortalama<\/p>\n
0,38<\/p>\n
A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 Genel Ortalama<\/p>\n
0,70<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131 ve Kredi Bankas\u0131<\/p>\n
2008 (000 TL)<\/p>\n
Kredi Grubu*<\/p>\n
Tahsilat<\/p>\n
Takip<\/p>\n
Oran<\/p>\n
A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 Oran<\/p>\n
3<\/p>\n
378.960<\/p>\n
401.249<\/p>\n
0,94<\/p>\n
0,22<\/p>\n
4<\/p>\n
134.359<\/p>\n
424.195<\/p>\n
0,32<\/p>\n
0,08<\/p>\n
5<\/p>\n
324.283<\/p>\n
887.586<\/p>\n
0,37<\/p>\n
0,19<\/p>\n
1.713.030<\/p>\n
0,54<\/p>\n
0,49<\/p>\n
2009 (000 TL)<\/p>\n
Kredi Grubu*<\/p>\n
Tahsilat<\/p>\n
Takip<\/p>\n
Oran<\/p>\n
A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 Oran<\/p>\n
3<\/p>\n
849.035<\/p>\n
357.776<\/p>\n
2,37<\/p>\n
0,33<\/p>\n
4<\/p>\n
355.429<\/p>\n
680.225<\/p>\n
0,52<\/p>\n
0,14<\/p>\n
5<\/p>\n
500.443<\/p>\n
1.543.004<\/p>\n
0,32<\/p>\n
0,19<\/p>\n
2.581.005<\/p>\n
1,07<\/p>\n
0,66<\/p>\n
2010 (000 TL)<\/p>\n
Kredi Grubu*<\/p>\n
Tahsilat<\/p>\n
Takip<\/p>\n
Oran<\/p>\n
A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 Oran<\/p>\n
3<\/p>\n
625.223<\/p>\n
186.253<\/p>\n
3,36<\/p>\n
1,47<\/p>\n
4<\/p>\n
368.554<\/p>\n
33.398<\/p>\n
11,04<\/p>\n
0,87<\/p>\n
5<\/p>\n
591.257<\/p>\n
206.570<\/p>\n
2,86<\/p>\n
1,39<\/p>\n
426.221<\/p>\n
5,75<\/p>\n
3,73<\/p>\n
2011 (000 TL)<\/p>\n
Kredi Grubu*<\/p>\n
Tahsilat<\/p>\n
Takip<\/p>\n
Oran<\/p>\n
A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 Oran<\/p>\n
3<\/p>\n
550.974<\/p>\n
486.550<\/p>\n
1,13<\/p>\n
0,26<\/p>\n
4<\/p>\n
244.350<\/p>\n
353.967<\/p>\n
0,69<\/p>\n
0,12<\/p>\n
5<\/p>\n
539.275<\/p>\n
1.239.396<\/p>\n
0,44<\/p>\n
0,26<\/p>\n
2.079.913<\/p>\n
0,75<\/p>\n
0,64<\/p>\n
A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 Genel Ortalama<\/p>\n
1,38<\/p>\n
5 Banka Ortalama<\/p>\n
0,64<\/p>\n
Kaynak: Her veri her bir bankan\u0131n y\u0131ll\u0131k Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Denetim Raporu Dipnotlar\u0131ndan taraf\u0131m\u0131zca derlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
* BDDK\u2019n\u0131n Bankalarca Kredilerin ve Di\u011fer Alacaklar\u0131n Niteliklerinin Belirlenmesi ve Bunlar \u0130\u00e7in Ayr\u0131lacak Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klara \u0130li\u015fkin Usul ve Esaslar Hakk\u0131nda Y\u00f6netmelik kapsam\u0131nda krediler 5 gruba ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Takipteki kredilerden 3. Grup 90-18 g\u00fcn aras\u0131 \u00f6demede gecikmesi olanlar, 4. Grup 180-365 g\u00fcn aras\u0131 \u00f6demede gecikmesi olanlar, 5. Grup ise 365 g\u00fcn \u00fczeri gecikmesi olanlar\u0131 i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n
EK:2 Kredi Riski Tutar\u0131n\u0131n Risk A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 Varl\u0131klar \u0130\u00e7indeki Pay\u0131<\/p>\n
2008<\/p>\n
(000 TL)<\/p>\n
KRET*<\/p>\n
RAV**<\/p>\n
Pay<\/p>\n
Ziraat Bankas\u0131<\/p>\n
28.451<\/p>\n
37.739<\/p>\n
0,75<\/p>\n
Halk Bankas\u0131<\/p>\n
25.693<\/p>\n
29.844<\/p>\n
0,86<\/p>\n
Vak\u0131flar Bankas\u0131<\/p>\n
32.796<\/p>\n
37.682<\/p>\n
0,87<\/p>\n
Akbank<\/p>\n
54.171<\/p>\n
62.927<\/p>\n
0,86<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131 ve Kredi Bankas\u0131<\/p>\n
47.775<\/p>\n
52.904<\/p>\n
0,90<\/p>\n
2009<\/p>\n
(000 TL)<\/p>\n
KRET*<\/p>\n
RAV**<\/p>\n
Pay<\/p>\n
Ziraat Bankas\u0131<\/p>\n
34.086<\/p>\n
45.078<\/p>\n
0,76<\/p>\n
Halk Bankas\u0131<\/p>\n
30.393<\/p>\n
35.600<\/p>\n
0,85<\/p>\n
Vak\u0131flar Bankas\u0131<\/p>\n
37.706<\/p>\n
44.352<\/p>\n
0,85<\/p>\n
Akbank<\/p>\n
52.063<\/p>\n
63.634<\/p>\n
0,82<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131 ve Kredi Bankas\u0131<\/p>\n
47.294<\/p>\n
54.533<\/p>\n
0,87<\/p>\n
2010<\/p>\n
(000 TL)<\/p>\n
KRET*<\/p>\n
RAV**<\/p>\n
Pay<\/p>\n
Ziraat Bankas\u0131<\/p>\n
53.999<\/p>\n
69.535<\/p>\n
0,78<\/p>\n
Halk Bankas\u0131<\/p>\n
39.765<\/p>\n
46.436<\/p>\n
0,86<\/p>\n
Vak\u0131flar Bankas\u0131<\/p>\n
48.609<\/p>\n
56.186<\/p>\n
0,87<\/p>\n
Akbank<\/p>\n
68.374<\/p>\n
83.035<\/p>\n
0,82<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131 ve Kredi Bankas\u0131<\/p>\n
64.043<\/p>\n
73.259<\/p>\n
0,87<\/p>\n
2011<\/p>\n
(000 TL)<\/p>\n
KRET*<\/p>\n
RAV**<\/p>\n
Pay<\/p>\n
Ziraat Bankas\u0131<\/p>\n
73.683<\/p>\n
91.010<\/p>\n
0,81<\/p>\n
Halk Bankas\u0131<\/p>\n
57.336<\/p>\n
65.408<\/p>\n
0,88<\/p>\n
Vak\u0131flar Bankas\u0131<\/p>\n
63.377<\/p>\n
71.862<\/p>\n
0,88<\/p>\n
Akbank<\/p>\n
92.052<\/p>\n
108.079<\/p>\n
0,85<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131 ve Kredi Bankas\u0131<\/p>\n
85.133<\/p>\n
97.275<\/p>\n
0,88<\/p>\n
(000 TL)<\/p>\n
4 Y\u0131ll\u0131k Ortalama<\/p>\n
Ziraat Bankas\u0131<\/p>\n
0,775<\/p>\n
Halk Bankas\u0131<\/p>\n
0,8625<\/p>\n
Vak\u0131flar Bankas\u0131<\/p>\n
0,8675<\/p>\n
Akbank<\/p>\n
0,8375<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131 ve Kredi Bankas\u0131<\/p>\n
0,8800<\/p>\n
5 Banka Genel Ortalama<\/p>\n
0,8445<\/p>\n
*KRET= Kredi Riski Tutar\u0131<\/p>\n
**RAV= Risk A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 Varl\u0131klar (Aktifler)<\/p>\n
Kaynak: TBB \u0130statistiki Veriler, www.tbb.org.tr (Sayfada yer alan verilerden taraf\u0131m\u0131zca derlenmi\u015ftir.)<\/p>\n
[1] Bas\u0131n A\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 2004, www.tmsf.org.tr, 2012.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Bu makale Muhasebe Bilim D\u00fcnyas\u0131 dergisi’nin Mart 2013 say\u0131s\u0131nda 153-175 sayfa aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dr. \u015eenol BABU\u015eCU* Dr. Adalet HAZAR** \u00d6zet \u00dclkemizde Varl\u0131k Y\u00f6netim \u015eirketleri ilk olarak 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda takipteki kredilerin sat\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131nda rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha sonras\u0131nda gerek Tasarruf Mevduat\u0131 Sigorta Fonu gerekse \u00e7e\u015fitli bankalar taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan sat\u0131\u015flarda al\u0131c\u0131 olarak fonksiyonunu s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada varl\u0131k y\u00f6netim […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":26,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/adalethazar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/73"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/adalethazar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/adalethazar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/adalethazar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/adalethazar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=73"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/adalethazar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/73\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":314,"href":"https:\/\/adalethazar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/73\/revisions\/314"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/adalethazar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/26"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/adalethazar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=73"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}